The National Bank of Romania has an important role in maintaining financial stability, attributable to its capacity to act as a monetary and supervisory authority. Financial stability objectives are served while performing its regulatory and supervisory functions, the conduct and efficient transmission of the monetary policy, as well as, while overseeing the smooth functioning of the systemically important payment and settlement systems. Risks and vulnerabilities identifying and assessing is an ongoing process for the financial system as a whole and its component parts, because the financial stability monitoring has a preventive scope. The occurring and development of malfunctions, inappropriate risk assessment and inefficient capital allocation can affect the economic and financial stability.